file = open('a.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
#print(file.read(2))  #中国
print(file.readlines()) #['中国\n', '美国\n', '印度']
print()

print(2)
file = open('a.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
file.write('\n俄罗斯\n')
file.close()
